The Complete Dictionary of Educational Terms and Their Meanings

When it comes to education, we often hear various terms thrown around in discussions about teaching methods, learning styles, and classroom technology. These terms, although familiar to educators, can be confusing for parents, students, and newcomers to the educational field. This article aims to demystify most of these terms to help everyone better understand the complexities of modern education.

Term	Definition
Pedagogy	The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Andragogy	The method and practice of teaching adult learners; adult education.
Bloom's Taxonomy	A classification of learning objectives within education proposed by Benjamin Bloom. It divides learning objectives into cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
Differentiated Instruction	A teaching approach in which educational content, processes, products, and learning environments are tailored to the needs of individual students.
Formative Assessment	A range of formal and informal assessment procedures employed by teachers during the learning process to modify teaching and learning activities.
Summative Assessment	Assessment of participants where the focus is on the outcome of a program.
Constructivism	A theory of learning based on the idea that learners construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.
Scaffolding	A teaching method that enables a student to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal through a gradual shedding of outside assistance.
Flipped Classroom	A pedagogical model in which the typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed.
Inquiry-Based Learning	An educational strategy in which students follow a process of asking questions, investigating solutions, and developing new understanding.
Learning Styles	The preferential way in which the student absorbs, processes, comprehends, and retains information.
Kinesthetic Learning	A learning style in which learning takes place by the students carrying out physical activities, rather than listening to a lecture or watching demonstrations.
Metacognition	Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.
PBL (Project-Based Learning)	A teaching method in which students gain knowledge and skills by working for an extended period of time to investigate and respond to a complex question, problem, or challenge.
Experiential Learning	Learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote or didactic learning.
Cooperative Learning	An instructional strategy in which small groups of students work together on a common task.
Behaviorism	A theory of learning which states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment through conditioning.
Cognitive Load	The total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)	The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
Curriculum	The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.
Rubric	A guide listing specific criteria for grading or scoring academic papers, projects, or tests.
Instructional Design	The practice of systematically designing, developing, and delivering instructional products and experiences.
21st Century Skills	A set of abilities that students need to develop in order to succeed in the information age, such as critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity.
E-Learning	Learning conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet.
Blended Learning	An education program that combines online digital media with traditional classroom methods.
Learning Management System (LMS)	A software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, and delivery of educational courses or training programs.
Socratic Method	A form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions.
Authentic Assessment	An approach to assessment that involves applying knowledge to real-world contexts and situations.
Constructivist Learning Environment	An environment where learners are active participants in their own learning process, building on their prior knowledge and experiences.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)	A framework for designing educational environments that enable all learners to gain knowledge, skills, and enthusiasm for learning.
Competency-Based Education (CBE)	An educational approach where students progress based on their ability to demonstrate competency in a subject area rather than time spent on coursework.
Constructivist Teaching	An approach where teachers encourage students to use active techniques to create more knowledge and reflect on their understanding.
Discovery Learning	A technique of inquiry-based learning and is considered a constructivist based approach to education.
Holistic Education	An approach to teaching that aims to nurture a person's intellectual, emotional, social, physical, artistic, creative, and spiritual potentials.
Synchronous Learning	A learning event in which a group of students are engaging in learning at the same time.
Asynchronous Learning	A learning model where students learn at different times and locations.
Hybrid Learning	Combines face-to-face classroom instruction with online activities and content delivery.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)	The blend of content and pedagogy that makes teaching effective.
Learning Analytics	The measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts.
Gamification	The use of game design elements in non-game contexts to enhance learning and engagement.
Cognitive Development	The construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Educational Psychology	The study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, and the psychology of teaching.
Multimodal Learning	Using multiple modes or methods to enhance learning, catering to different learning styles.
STEAM Education	An approach to learning that uses Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts, and Mathematics.
Adaptive Learning	A method that uses technology to tailor educational experiences to individual student needs.
Competence	A cluster of related abilities, commitments, knowledge, and skills that enable a person to act effectively in a job or situation.
Cultural Competence	The ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures.
Edutainment	A form of entertainment designed to educate as well as to amuse.
Hidden Curriculum	The unwritten, unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school.
Inclusive Education	An education system that works to include all students, regardless of their diverse needs.
Interdisciplinary Teaching	A method of teaching that integrates information, data, techniques, tools, perspectives, concepts, and/or theories from two or more disciplines.
Learning Outcomes	Statements that describe significant and essential learning that learners have achieved and can reliably demonstrate.
Mastery Learning	An approach that suggests students must achieve a level of mastery in prerequisite knowledge before moving forward to learn subsequent information.
Peer Teaching	A method by which one student instructs another student in material on which the first is an expert and the second is a novice.
Prior Knowledge	The knowledge that learners already have before they encounter new information.
Self-Directed Learning	A process in which individuals take the initiative, with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs.
Socio-Emotional Learning (SEL)	The process of developing self-awareness, self-control, and interpersonal skills.
Student-Centered Learning	An approach to education focusing on the needs of the students rather than those of others involved in the educational process.
Teacher-Centered Learning	A traditional approach to education where the teacher is the main authority figure.
Think-Pair-Share	A collaborative learning strategy where students work together to solve a problem or answer a question about an assigned reading.
Competency Mapping	Identifying key competencies for an organization and its jobs and incorporating them throughout the various processes.
Continuous Improvement	An ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes.
Culturally Responsive Teaching	A pedagogy that recognizes the importance of including students' cultural references in all aspects of learning.
Diagnostic Assessment	A form of pre-assessment that allows a teacher to determine students' individual strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills before instruction.
Dual-Language Education	An approach to education in which students are taught literacy and content in two languages.
Efficacy	The ability to produce a desired or intended result in an educational context.
Fluency	The ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression.
Formative Feedback	Information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify the learner’s thinking or behavior for the purpose of improving learning.
Guided Practice	An instructional approach that involves a teacher or expert leading learners through a task or process step-by-step.
Heterogeneous Grouping	Placing students of varying abilities together in groups.
Homogeneous Grouping	Placing students of similar abilities together in groups.
Interleaving	A practice method where students mix, or interleave, multiple subjects or topics while they study to improve learning.
Intrinsic Motivation	The drive to engage in an activity because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable.
Jigsaw Classroom	A cooperative learning technique where students work in groups to teach each other segments of the material.
Learning Community	A group of people who share common academic goals and attitudes, who meet semi-regularly to collaborate on classwork.
Metacognitive Skills	Skills that allow learners to plan, monitor, and assess their own understanding and performance.
Modular Learning	A method where learning is broken down into smaller, self-contained units or modules.
Multisensory Learning	A teaching method that involves using more than one sense at a time to help learners process and understand information.
Outcome-Based Education (OBE)	An educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes).
Pedagogical Strategies	Specific methods used in teaching to achieve learning objectives.
Reciprocal Learning	A method where learners take turns being the teacher and the student.
Reflective Teaching	A process where teachers think over their teaching practices, analyzing how something was taught and how it might be improved.
Scaffolded Instruction	A variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and independence in the learning process.
Self-Assessment	A process in which students assess their own performance and learning.
Service Learning	A teaching method that combines community service with academic instruction, focusing on critical, reflective thinking, and personal and civic responsibility.
Social Constructivism	A sociological theory of knowledge that applies the general philosophical constructivism into social settings.
Student-Led Conferences	Meetings where students lead the discussion with their parents about their academic progress.
Transactional Distance	The theory that physical distance leads to a pedagogical and psychological distance in learning.
Vicarious Learning	Learning that is derived from indirect sources such as hearing or observing, rather than direct, hands-on instruction.
Work-Based Learning	A series of educational courses which integrate the school or university curriculum with the workplace to create a different learning paradigm.
Active Listening	Fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and then remembering what is being said.
Behavioral Objectives	Clear statements that describe desired learner behaviors in measurable terms.
Blended Instruction	Combining traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning activities.
Cognitive Flexibility	The mental ability to switch between thinking about two different concepts and to think about multiple concepts simultaneously.
Conceptual Framework	An analytical tool used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas.
Contextual Learning	Learning that occurs when teachers relate subject matter to real-world situations.
Continuous Assessment	The regular evaluation of student learning, typically conducted throughout the academic term.
Creative Thinking	The ability to think in new and original ways.
Cross-Curricular Skills	Skills that can be used in multiple subject areas, such as critical thinking and problem-solving.
Curriculum Mapping	A process for recording what content and skills are actually taught in the classroom.
Data-Driven Decision Making (DDDM)	Using data to inform decisions about curriculum and instruction.
Developmental Milestones	Skills or age-specific tasks that most children can do at a certain age range.
Discipline-Specific Pedagogy	Teaching methods specific to a particular discipline.
Distributed Learning	An educational approach where learning is distributed over time and locations, typically involving a mix of online and face-to-face interactions.
Dual Enrollment	Programs that allow high school students to enroll in college courses for credit prior to high school graduation.
Ecosystem of Learning	A system in which learning occurs in a variety of interconnected contexts, both formal and informal.
Empirical Research	Research based on observed and measured phenomena and derives knowledge from actual experience rather than theory or belief.
Facilitative Teaching	An approach that emphasizes the teacher's role in supporting students in their learning process.
Growth Assessment	Evaluations aimed at measuring student progress over time.
Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE)	An approach to science education that emphasizes questioning, exploring, and assessing to understand the natural world.
Interdisciplinary Curriculum	A curriculum that integrates the knowledge and skills of multiple disciplines.
Learner Autonomy	The ability of the learner to take charge of their own learning process.
Learning Pods	Small groups of students who learn together outside of the traditional classroom setting.
Norm-Referenced Assessment	Assessments that compare a student's performance to a group norm.
Open-Ended Questions	Questions that cannot be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no' and require more thought and elaboration.
Outcome Mapping	A methodology for planning, monitoring, and evaluating projects that aim to bring about social change.
Peer Feedback	Feedback provided by students to their peers based on their observations and assessments.
Proximal Development	The range of tasks that a learner can perform with the help and guidance of others but cannot yet perform independently.
Schema	A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.
Social Learning Theory	The theory that people learn from one another through observation, imitation, and modeling.
Spaced Learning	A learning method where content is reviewed repeatedly over a period of time.
Standardized Test	A test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner to ensure legal defensibility.
Student-Centered Learning Environment	An educational approach designed around the needs, abilities, interests, and learning styles of the students.
Teacher-Student Relationship	The relationship between teachers and students, which can significantly impact learning outcomes.
Visual Learning	A learning style in which ideas, concepts, data, and other information are associated with images and techniques.
Web-Based Learning	Learning conducted via the internet.
Whole Language Approach	An approach to teaching reading that emphasizes literature and text comprehension.
Experiential Learning Cycle	A model that outlines the process of learning from experience, including stages of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.
Learning Outcomes Framework (LOF)	A structured guide for defining and evaluating the expected outcomes of learning processes.
Adaptive Expertise	The ability to apply knowledge and skills flexibly and innovatively in different situations.
Affective Domain	The area of learning that involves attitudes, values, and feelings.
Apprenticeship Learning	A system of training a new generation of practitioners in a structured way that includes practical and often manual instruction.
At-Risk Students	Students who are considered to have a higher probability of failing academically or dropping out of school.
Authentic Learning	Learning activities that are real-world tasks and have real-life relevance and application.
Behavior Modification	The use of empirical techniques to improve socially significant behavior through operant conditioning.
Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy	An updated version of Bloom's Taxonomy, re-organized into a two-dimensional framework, focusing on knowledge dimensions and cognitive processes.
Brain-Based Learning	Teaching methods, lesson designs, and school programs that are based on the latest scientific research about how the brain learns.
Cognitive Apprenticeship	A model of instruction that works to make thinking visible by modeling and coaching cognitive and metacognitive processes.
Competency Framework	A structure that sets out and defines each individual competency (such as problem-solving or teamwork) required by individuals working in an organization.
Cultural Capital	The social assets (knowledge, behaviors, and skills) that promote social mobility beyond economic means.
Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP)	An educational approach that considers the developmental levels of the children when planning and implementing activities.
Differentiated Learning	Instruction tailored to the learning preferences of different students.
Disruptive Innovation	Innovations that create a new market and value network, eventually disrupting existing markets and displacing established market-leading firms and products.
Educational Equity	The principle of fairness in education, providing equal opportunities for all students to succeed.
Experiential Learning Theory	A theory that posits learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience.
Flexible Grouping	Grouping students together for a specific learning task based on their learning needs.
Growth Mindset	The belief that abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work.
Hattie Effect Size	A measure of the impact of different educational interventions based on John Hattie's research.
Heutagogy	The study of self-determined learning.
Inclusive Pedagogy	Teaching methods that aim to include all students, considering the diverse needs of learners.
Interleaved Practice	A practice method that involves mixing different topics or forms of practice.
K-W-L Chart	A graphical organizer designed to help in learning by tracking what students Know, what they Want to know, and what they have Learned.
Learning Contract	An agreement between a teacher and student that defines the work the student will accomplish and the reward for doing so.
Mentorship	A relationship in which a more experienced or knowledgeable person helps to guide a less experienced or knowledgeable person.
Multicultural Education	An educational approach that integrates diverse cultural perspectives into the curriculum.
Neuroeducation	An interdisciplinary field that combines neuroscience, psychology, and education to improve teaching methods and curriculum design.
Phenomenon-Based Learning	A multidisciplinary approach to teaching and learning where students study a topic or phenomenon in a holistic manner.
Proficiency-Based Learning	A system where students advance based on their ability to demonstrate proficiency in a subject area rather than on time spent on coursework.
Reciprocal Teaching	An instructional activity in which students become the teacher in small group reading sessions.
Spiral Curriculum	A curriculum design where key concepts are presented repeatedly throughout the course, with each encounter increasing in complexity and reinforcing previous learning.
Student Agency	The level of control, autonomy, and power that a student experiences in an educational situation.
Student Engagement	The degree of attention, curiosity, interest, optimism, and passion that students show when they are learning.
Teacher Efficacy	A teacher's belief in their ability to promote students' learning and achievement.
Teaching for Understanding (TfU)	An approach that emphasizes deep understanding of concepts, ideas, and performances.
Zone of Actual Development (ZAD)	The level of development that the learner has already reached, where learning is dependent on their own ability to solve problems independently.
Active Learning	A teaching method that actively engages students in the learning process through activities and/or discussion in class.
Anchor Charts	Posters created with students during instruction to capture key points and strategies about the topic being studied.
Backwards Design	An instructional design method that starts with defining the desired end goals or outcomes and then works backward to develop instruction.
Brainstorming	A group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas for the solution to a problem.
Case-Based Learning	An instructional design approach where students apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios.
Concept Map	A diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts, often used as a tool for organizing and representing knowledge.
Constructivist Learning Theory	A theory that posits learners construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiences and reflecting on those experiences.
Core Curriculum	The essential part of a curriculum that all students are required to study.
Digital Literacy	The ability to effectively and critically navigate, evaluate, and create information using a range of digital technologies.
Discipline-Based Education Research (DBER)	Research that investigates learning and teaching in a particular discipline.
Efficacy in Education	The belief that teachers and students can positively affect learning outcomes.
Competency-Based Learning	A system of instruction where students progress based on their ability to demonstrate competence in a skill or knowledge area.
Differentiated Assessment	Assessment methods that are tailored to the diverse learning styles and needs of students.
Executive Function	Mental skills that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control.
Flipped Learning	An instructional strategy where students are introduced to content at home and practice working through it at school.
Formative Evaluation	An evaluation conducted during an instructional program to improve its design and performance.
Inclusive Classroom	A classroom where students of all abilities learn together.
Inquiry-Based Instruction	A teaching method that engages students in investigating real-world questions.
Interdisciplinary Learning	A learning approach that integrates multiple subjects into a single curriculum.
Learning Walk	A process where educators visit classrooms to observe teaching and learning.
Mastery Assessment	Assessment that measures if students have achieved a level of mastery in a subject area.
Microlearning	A learning strategy that involves delivering content in small, specific bursts.
Peer Review	An evaluation process where students review each other’s work.
Portfolio Assessment	A method of assessment where students compile a collection of their work overtime.
Project-Based Learning	A dynamic classroom approach in which students actively explore real-world problems and challenges.
Reflective Learning	A learning process where students think about and critically analyze their learning experiences.
Remedial Instruction	Instruction intended to improve a learner's knowledge or skills in a specific area where they are struggling.
Response to Intervention (RTI)	A multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs.
Service-Learning	A teaching method that combines community service with academic coursework.
Social-Emotional Learning	The process of developing students' social and emotional skills.
Standards-Based Grading	A grading system that measures students' proficiency on well-defined course objectives.
Student Learning Objectives (SLOs)	Specific, measurable goals set by teachers to track students’ academic progress.
Summative Evaluation	An evaluation conducted at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark.
Teaching Assistant (TA)	An individual who assists a teacher with instructional responsibilities.
Technology-Enhanced Learning	Learning environments are enhanced through technology.
Virtual Classroom	An online space where teachers and students can interact.
Visible Learning	A research-based approach to education that makes learning visible to teachers and students.
Work-Integrated Learning	An educational approach that integrates academic learning with practical workplace experience.
Accreditation	A process by which schools and programs are recognized for meeting certain standards.
Benchmarking	The process of comparing one's educational practices to the best practices in the field to improve learning and teaching.
Case Study	A detailed analysis of a person, group, or situation over a period of time.
Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)	A teaching strategy that uses real-world context as a backdrop for learning.
Critical Thinking	The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue to form a judgment.
Cultural Awareness	Understanding and respecting cultural differences and similarities.
Data Literacy	The ability to read, understand, create, and communicate data as information.
Digital Citizenship	The responsible use of technology by anyone who uses computers, the Internet, and digital devices to engage with society on any level.
Distance Learning	A method of studying in which lectures are broadcast or classes are conducted by correspondence or over the Internet.
Educational Games	Games designed for educational purposes.
E-Learning Platform	An online platform that provides educational content and resources.
Formative Feedback Loop	An ongoing process where teachers provide feedback to students to improve their learning.
Individualized Learning Plan (ILP)	A personalized plan developed to help students achieve specific learning objectives.
Knowledge Management	The process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge.
Learning Analytics Dashboard	A tool that visualizes data to track learners’ progress and performance.
Learning Outcome	A statement that specifies what learners will know or be able to do as a result of an educational activity.
Mobile Learning	Learning that occurs through mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.
Online Assessment	The process of administering tests and quizzes through an online platform.
Open Educational Resources (OER)	Freely accessible, openly licensed text, media, and other digital assets used for teaching, learning, and research.
Performance Task	A type of assessment that requires students to perform tasks that demonstrate their knowledge and skills.
Professional Development	Activities and programs that aim to improve the knowledge and skills of educators.
Reflective Practice	A process where educators critically examine their own practice to improve teaching and learning.
Synchronous Online Learning	Online learning that occurs in real-time with interaction between instructor and students.
Teacher Collaboration	The process where teachers work together to improve their teaching skills and the academic performance of their students.
Team-Based Learning	An instructional strategy where students work in teams to solve problems and complete projects.
Universal Design for Instruction (UDI)	A framework for designing educational environments that consider the diverse needs of all learners.
Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)	An online system that creates an environment designed for teaching and learning.
Workplace Learning	Education that takes place in the workplace and is related to an employee's job.
21st Century Learning	A modern approach to education that integrates critical thinking, problem-solving, and digital literacy.
Authentic Task	A task that has real-world application and significance.
Blended Assessment	A method of assessment that uses a mix of traditional and alternative assessment methods.
Civic Education	Education aimed at preparing students to be informed and active citizens.
Collaborative Learning Environment	An environment where students work together to achieve learning goals.
Action Research	A reflective process conducted by educators to address issues and improve practices in their classrooms or schools.
Adult Learning Theory	A framework for understanding how adults acquire knowledge and skills.
Assessment Literacy	The knowledge and skills educators need to effectively design, administer, and interpret various forms of assessment.
Asset-Based Pedagogy	An educational approach that focuses on students' strengths and assets rather than their deficits.
Augmented Reality (AR) in Education	The use of augmented reality technology to enhance learning experiences.
Behavioral Assessment	A method for evaluating the behaviors of students to understand and address their needs.
Blended Learning Environment	An educational setting that combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning activities.
Brainstorming Techniques	Creative techniques used to generate ideas and solve problems collectively.
Capstone Project	A culminating project that allows students to demonstrate their learning and skills in a particular area of study.
Classroom Management	The process of ensuring that classroom activities run smoothly and efficiently.
Collaborative Filtering	A method of making recommendations based on user preferences and behaviors.
Competence-Based Learning	An approach to learning where students gain competencies and demonstrate mastery through active engagement.
Conceptual Learning	A learning strategy that focuses on understanding broader concepts rather than memorizing facts.
Critical Pedagogy	An approach that encourages students to critically examine power structures and advocate for social change.
Cultural Proficiency	The ability to interact effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds.
Data-Driven Instruction	Instructional decisions and practices based on the analysis of data to improve student learning.
Design Thinking in Education	A problem-solving process that involves empathy, ideation, prototyping, and testing in educational contexts.
Digital Badges	Digital credentials that recognize specific skills or achievements.
Disciplinary Literacy	Literacy skills that are specific to particular academic disciplines.
Distributed Cognition	A theory that cognitive processes are distributed across individuals, objects, and tools in the environment.
Early Childhood Education (ECE)	The education of children from birth to age eight.
Educational Neuroscience	An interdisciplinary field that combines neuroscience, psychology, and education to enhance learning.
Efficacy Research	Research that investigates the impact of educational interventions on learning outcomes.
Elaboration	A strategy that involves adding details to enhance memory and understanding.
Emotional Intelligence in Education	The ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others.
Engagement Strategies	Techniques used to capture and maintain students' interest and participation in learning.
Environmental Education	Education that promotes awareness and understanding of environmental issues.
Experiential Learning Activities	Hands-on learning activities that engage students in real-world experiences.
Feedback Loop	A cyclical process of providing and using feedback to improve learning and instruction.
Flipped Assessment	An assessment method where students are evaluated based on their application of knowledge in real-world scenarios.
Flexible Seating	A classroom setup that allows students to choose their seating arrangement based on their learning preferences.
Formative Use of Summative Assessments	Using summative assessments to inform and improve future instruction.
Gaming in Education	The use of game elements and principles to enhance learning.
Growth Portfolio	A collection of student work that demonstrates growth and learning over time.
Higher Order Thinking (HOT)	Skills that involve analyzing, evaluating, and creating information.
Individual Learning Styles	An understanding that each student has a unique way of learning.
Information Literacy	The ability to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively.
Inquiry-Based Learning Strategies	Strategies that encourage students to ask questions, explore, and investigate topics.
Instructional Coaching	A form of professional development where experienced educators support teachers in improving their practice.
Intercultural Competence	The ability to communicate and interact effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation	Motivational factors that come from within (intrinsic) and external rewards (extrinsic).
Learning Environment Design	The design and organization of physical and virtual spaces to optimize learning.
Learning Progressions	Descriptions of the successively more sophisticated ways of thinking about a topic that can follow one another as students learn.
Lesson Study	A professional development process where teachers collaboratively plan, observe, and analyze learning and teaching in 'research lessons.'
Makerspace	A space where students can gather to create, invent, and learn using a variety of tools and materials.
Metacognitive Regulation	The process of planning, monitoring, and evaluating one's own learning strategies.
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL)	The use of mobile devices to assist in language learning.
Multicultural Competence	The ability to understand and respect cultural differences.
Open Learning	A philosophy that promotes free access to learning resources and opportunities.
Participatory Learning	An approach to learning that involves active participation and collaboration among learners.
Peer Learning	A learning method where students learn from and with each other.
Personalized Learning Environment	An educational approach that tailors learning experiences to individual students' needs and preferences.
Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)	A framework to support positive behavior and create effective learning environments.
Professional Learning Network (PLN)	A community of educators who share resources, ideas, and support to enhance professional growth.
Project-Based Assessment	An assessment approach where students demonstrate their knowledge through projects.
Scaffolding Techniques	Instructional techniques that provide temporary support to help students achieve learning goals.
Self-Regulated Learning	A process where students take control of their own learning by setting goals, monitoring progress, and reflecting on outcomes.
Service-Learning Projects	Projects that integrate meaningful community service with instruction and reflection.
Social Justice Education	An educational approach that promotes equity, inclusion, and activism.
STEM Integration	The integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in education.